2017考研英语长难句解析（7）

1. All would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism and evolution debate.

【句子解析】助动词were被提前置于主语reason前，可以判定为部分倒装;此处倒装的原因是由于虚拟条件句中if被省略而引起的，句子还原就是：If reason were the only judge in the creationism and evolution debate, all would be well .

【译文赏析】如果理性是创造论和进化论的争论中的唯一评判标准的话，那么所有的事情就很好办了。

For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

【句子解析】句子也出现了虚拟语气的倒装：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances，完整的表达是if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances.

【词汇突破】tell说明，表明

Underprivileged贫困的、物质条件差的

【译文赏析】例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公，因此就不能说明一个物质条件很差的人，如果在更加有利的条件下成长，会有多么能干。

2. This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

【词汇突破】Justification 证明....正当

Rationalization 证明…合理 Exploitation 剥削

Superiority 优越

Inferiority 劣势，弱势

【主干识别】 This seems a justification for neglect and a rationalization

【译文赏析】：这种说法似乎使我们可以很正当的去忽视那些需要帮助的人，去使剥削合理化，使上层人的变得更优越，而底层人变得更加弱势。

3. That suggests invention now proceeds mainly by recombining existing technologies and chimes with the idea that inventions were, in some sense, more fundamental in the past than they are today.

【词汇突破】chime (In) with sth = fit sth; suit sth; 符合某事，适合某事

chime with the idea 与……观念相一致

【主干识别】That suggests...and chimes with the idea...

【译文赏析】这表明现在发明的推进主要是靠重组现有的技术，这也和下面的看法一致：从某种意义上讲，过去的发明更为根本。

4. “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of human race,”Stephen Hawking warns. ElonMusk fears that the development of artificial intelligence, or AI, maybe the biggest existential threat humanity faces. Bill Gates urges people to beware of it.

【词汇突破】spell 导致

existential 人类存在(生存)上的

artificial intelligence 人工智能

beware (of) 关注，认识，小心

【译文赏析】斯蒂芬霍金警告说：“人工智能的全面发展可能导致人类灭绝。”埃隆·马斯克担心人工智能(AI)的发展可能会成为人类生存方面面对的最大的威胁。比尔盖茨也敦促人们小心人工智能。

5. Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest form，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

【主干识别】Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism

【其他成分】 which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.定语从句

【词汇突破】a sort of 某种

linguistic determinism语言决定论

in its strongest form其极端说法是

imprison the mind禁锢思维

far-reaching 深远的; 伸得很远的

【译文赏析】Whorf逐渐接受了某种语言决定论;这种观点的极端说法是：语言禁锢了思想，语言的语法模式可以对某种社会文化产生深远的影响。