2017考研英语语法必备知识之常考小词than

一、可引导比较状语从句并在从句中充当句子成分(主语、宾语、表语)，为便于理解，有时可视为than后省略了what，如：

1、We don’t want to do more than is necessary. (than在从句中作主语)

2、The pain was almost more than he could bear. (than在从句中作宾语)

3、Life here is much easier than it used to be. (than在从句中作表语)

二、省略情况，有时than后面会省略主语和助动词，如

He returned three days earlier than expected.=

He returned three days earlier than he was expected.

三、倒装情况，than引导比较状语从句时，从句语序通常不需倒装，但在正式文体中，有时也可倒装，如：

City dweller has a higher death rate than country people does.

=City dweller has a higher death rate than does country people.

四、根据需要，than后面可以直接加时间或条件状语从句 ，这种情况也可以看成是省略类型，如：

You are a little fatter than when I saw you last year. =

You are a little fatter than you were when I saw you last year.

They work better together than if they are alone. =

They work better together than they do if they are alone.

五、含义区分：同质比较还是异质比较 。than 通常用于两个不同的人或物在同一方面进行比较，但有时指的可能是对同一个人或物在两个不同方面进行比较，此时只用于more...than...结构，而不能用 –er...than...的形式，这类结构通常可译为“与其...不如...”“有...无...”。如：

He’s more fat than short. 翻译为与其说他矮不如说他胖，不能译成他比短更胖。(逻辑不通)

六、和否定词(never，no, hardly等)连用，表示强调，通常带有最高级含义，如：

I’ve never had a worse morning than today.

我哪一天早上也不像今天早上这样倒霉。即：今天早上最倒霉了。

若意思明确，有时可省略than结构。如：

I’ve never found a better job.

这是我找到的最好的工作。

考研英语阅读理解长难句中经常会考察than的用法，同学们需要对以上提到的几种情况熟记于心，这样在阅读时才能正确分析句子，理解句子的含义。